asf-strategy.cpp

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/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2021,  Regents of the University of California,
 *                           Arizona Board of Regents,
 *                           Colorado State University,
 *                           University Pierre & Marie Curie, Sorbonne University,
 *                           Washington University in St. Louis,
 *                           Beijing Institute of Technology,
 *                           The University of Memphis.
 *
 * This file is part of NFD (Named Data Networking Forwarding Daemon).
 * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of NFD authors and contributors.
 *
 * NFD is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
 * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * NFD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
 * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 * NFD, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "asf-strategy.hpp"
#include "algorithm.hpp"
#include "common/global.hpp"
#include "common/logger.hpp"

namespace nfd {
namespace fw {
namespace asf {

NFD_LOG_INIT(AsfStrategy);
NFD_REGISTER_STRATEGY(AsfStrategy);

const time::milliseconds AsfStrategy::RETX_SUPPRESSION_INITIAL(10);
const time::milliseconds AsfStrategy::RETX_SUPPRESSION_MAX(250);

AsfStrategy::AsfStrategy(Forwarder& forwarder, const Name& name)
  : Strategy(forwarder)
  , m_measurements(getMeasurements())
  , m_probing(m_measurements)
  , m_retxSuppression(RETX_SUPPRESSION_INITIAL,
                      RetxSuppressionExponential::DEFAULT_MULTIPLIER,
                      RETX_SUPPRESSION_MAX)
{
  ParsedInstanceName parsed = parseInstanceName(name);
  if (!parsed.parameters.empty()) {
    processParams(parsed.parameters);
  }

  if (parsed.version && *parsed.version != getStrategyName()[-1].toVersion()) {
    NDN_THROW(std::invalid_argument(
      "AsfStrategy does not support version " + to_string(*parsed.version)));
  }
  this->setInstanceName(makeInstanceName(name, getStrategyName()));

  NFD_LOG_DEBUG("probing-interval=" << m_probing.getProbingInterval()
                << " max-timeouts=" << m_nMaxTimeouts);
}

const Name&
AsfStrategy::getStrategyName()
{
  static const auto strategyName = Name("/localhost/nfd/strategy/asf").appendVersion(4);
  return strategyName;
}

static uint64_t
getParamValue(const std::string& param, const std::string& value)
{
  try {
    if (!value.empty() && value[0] == '-')
      NDN_THROW(boost::bad_lexical_cast());

    return boost::lexical_cast<uint64_t>(value);
  }
  catch (const boost::bad_lexical_cast&) {
    NDN_THROW(std::invalid_argument("Value of " + param + " must be a non-negative integer"));
  }
}

void
AsfStrategy::processParams(const PartialName& parsed)
{
  for (const auto& component : parsed) {
    std::string parsedStr(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(component.value()), component.value_size());
    auto n = parsedStr.find("~");
    if (n == std::string::npos) {
      NDN_THROW(std::invalid_argument("Format is <parameter>~<value>"));
    }

    auto f = parsedStr.substr(0, n);
    auto s = parsedStr.substr(n + 1);
    if (f == "probing-interval") {
      m_probing.setProbingInterval(getParamValue(f, s));
    }
    else if (f == "max-timeouts") {
      m_nMaxTimeouts = getParamValue(f, s);
      if (m_nMaxTimeouts <= 0)
        NDN_THROW(std::invalid_argument("max-timeouts should be greater than 0"));
    }
    else {
      NDN_THROW(std::invalid_argument("Parameter should be probing-interval or max-timeouts"));
    }
  }
}

void
AsfStrategy::afterReceiveInterest(const Interest& interest, const FaceEndpoint& ingress,
                                  const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  const auto& fibEntry = this->lookupFib(*pitEntry);

  // Check if the interest is new and, if so, skip the retx suppression check
  if (!hasPendingOutRecords(*pitEntry)) {
    auto* faceToUse = getBestFaceForForwarding(interest, ingress.face, fibEntry, pitEntry);
    if (faceToUse == nullptr) {
      NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " new-interest from=" << ingress << " no-nexthop");
      sendNoRouteNack(ingress.face, pitEntry);
    }
    else {
      NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " new-interest from=" << ingress << " forward-to=" << faceToUse->getId());
      forwardInterest(interest, *faceToUse, fibEntry, pitEntry);
      sendProbe(interest, ingress, *faceToUse, fibEntry, pitEntry);
    }
    return;
  }

  auto* faceToUse = getBestFaceForForwarding(interest, ingress.face, fibEntry, pitEntry, false);
  if (faceToUse != nullptr) {
    auto suppressResult = m_retxSuppression.decidePerUpstream(*pitEntry, *faceToUse);
    if (suppressResult == RetxSuppressionResult::SUPPRESS) {
      // Cannot be sent on this face, interest was received within the suppression window
      NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " retx-interest from=" << ingress
                    << " forward-to=" << faceToUse->getId() << " suppressed");
    }
    else {
      // The retx arrived after the suppression period: forward it but don't probe, because
      // probing was done earlier for this interest when it was newly received
      NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " retx-interest from=" << ingress << " forward-to=" << faceToUse->getId());
      auto* outRecord = forwardInterest(interest, *faceToUse, fibEntry, pitEntry);
      if (outRecord && suppressResult == RetxSuppressionResult::FORWARD) {
        m_retxSuppression.incrementIntervalForOutRecord(*outRecord);
      }
    }
    return;
  }

  // If all eligible faces have been used (i.e., they all have a pending out-record),
  // choose the nexthop with the earliest out-record
  const auto& nexthops = fibEntry.getNextHops();
  auto it = findEligibleNextHopWithEarliestOutRecord(ingress.face, interest, nexthops, pitEntry);
  if (it == nexthops.end()) {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " retx-interest from=" << ingress << " no eligible nexthop");
    return;
  }
  auto& outFace = it->getFace();
  auto suppressResult = m_retxSuppression.decidePerUpstream(*pitEntry, outFace);
  if (suppressResult == RetxSuppressionResult::SUPPRESS) {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " retx-interest from=" << ingress
                  << " retry-to=" << outFace.getId() << " suppressed");
  }
  else {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(interest << " retx-interest from=" << ingress << " retry-to=" << outFace.getId());
    // sendInterest() is used here instead of forwardInterest() because the measurements info
    // were already attached to this face in the previous forwarding
    auto* outRecord = sendInterest(interest, outFace, pitEntry);
    if (outRecord && suppressResult == RetxSuppressionResult::FORWARD) {
      m_retxSuppression.incrementIntervalForOutRecord(*outRecord);
    }
  }
}

void
AsfStrategy::beforeSatisfyInterest(const Data& data, const FaceEndpoint& ingress,
                                   const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  NamespaceInfo* namespaceInfo = m_measurements.getNamespaceInfo(pitEntry->getName());
  if (namespaceInfo == nullptr) {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(pitEntry->getName() << " data from=" << ingress << " no-measurements");
    return;
  }

  // Record the RTT between the Interest out to Data in
  FaceInfo* faceInfo = namespaceInfo->getFaceInfo(ingress.face.getId());
  if (faceInfo == nullptr) {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(pitEntry->getName() << " data from=" << ingress << " no-face-info");
    return;
  }

  auto outRecord = pitEntry->getOutRecord(ingress.face);
  if (outRecord == pitEntry->out_end()) {
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(pitEntry->getName() << " data from=" << ingress << " no-out-record");
  }
  else {
    faceInfo->recordRtt(time::steady_clock::now() - outRecord->getLastRenewed());
    NFD_LOG_DEBUG(pitEntry->getName() << " data from=" << ingress
                  << " rtt=" << faceInfo->getLastRtt() << " srtt=" << faceInfo->getSrtt());
  }

  // Extend lifetime for measurements associated with Face
  namespaceInfo->extendFaceInfoLifetime(*faceInfo, ingress.face.getId());
  // Extend PIT entry timer to allow slower probes to arrive
  this->setExpiryTimer(pitEntry, 50_ms);
  faceInfo->cancelTimeout(data.getName());
}

void
AsfStrategy::afterReceiveNack(const lp::Nack& nack, const FaceEndpoint& ingress,
                              const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  NFD_LOG_DEBUG(nack.getInterest() << " nack from=" << ingress << " reason=" << nack.getReason());
  onTimeoutOrNack(pitEntry->getName(), ingress.face.getId(), true);
}

pit::OutRecord*
AsfStrategy::forwardInterest(const Interest& interest, Face& outFace, const fib::Entry& fibEntry,
                             const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  const auto& interestName = interest.getName();
  auto faceId = outFace.getId();

  auto* outRecord = sendInterest(interest, outFace, pitEntry);

  FaceInfo& faceInfo = m_measurements.getOrCreateFaceInfo(fibEntry, interestName, faceId);

  // Refresh measurements since Face is being used for forwarding
  NamespaceInfo& namespaceInfo = m_measurements.getOrCreateNamespaceInfo(fibEntry, interestName);
  namespaceInfo.extendFaceInfoLifetime(faceInfo, faceId);

  if (!faceInfo.isTimeoutScheduled()) {
    auto timeout = faceInfo.scheduleTimeout(interestName,
                                            [this, name = interestName, faceId] {
                                              onTimeoutOrNack(name, faceId, false);
                                            });
    NFD_LOG_TRACE("Scheduled timeout for " << fibEntry.getPrefix() << " to=" << faceId
                  << " in " << time::duration_cast<time::milliseconds>(timeout));
  }

  return outRecord;
}

void
AsfStrategy::sendProbe(const Interest& interest, const FaceEndpoint& ingress, const Face& faceToUse,
                       const fib::Entry& fibEntry, const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  if (!m_probing.isProbingNeeded(fibEntry, interest.getName()))
    return;

  Face* faceToProbe = m_probing.getFaceToProbe(ingress.face, interest, fibEntry, faceToUse);
  if (faceToProbe == nullptr)
    return;

  Interest probeInterest(interest);
  probeInterest.refreshNonce();
  NFD_LOG_TRACE("Sending probe " << probeInterest << " to=" << faceToProbe->getId());
  forwardInterest(probeInterest, *faceToProbe, fibEntry, pitEntry);

  m_probing.afterForwardingProbe(fibEntry, interest.getName());
}

struct FaceStats
{
  Face* face;
  time::nanoseconds rtt;
  time::nanoseconds srtt;
  uint64_t cost;
};

struct FaceStatsCompare
{
  bool
  operator()(const FaceStats& lhs, const FaceStats& rhs) const
  {
    time::nanoseconds lhsValue = getValueForSorting(lhs);
    time::nanoseconds rhsValue = getValueForSorting(rhs);

    // Sort by RTT and then by cost
    return std::tie(lhsValue, lhs.cost) < std::tie(rhsValue, rhs.cost);
  }

private:
  static time::nanoseconds
  getValueForSorting(const FaceStats& stats)
  {
    // These values allow faces with no measurements to be ranked better than timeouts
    // srtt < RTT_NO_MEASUREMENT < RTT_TIMEOUT
    if (stats.rtt == FaceInfo::RTT_TIMEOUT) {
      return time::nanoseconds::max();
    }
    else if (stats.rtt == FaceInfo::RTT_NO_MEASUREMENT) {
      return time::nanoseconds::max() / 2;
    }
    else {
      return stats.srtt;
    }
  }
};

Face*
AsfStrategy::getBestFaceForForwarding(const Interest& interest, const Face& inFace,
                                      const fib::Entry& fibEntry, const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry,
                                      bool isInterestNew)
{
  std::set<FaceStats, FaceStatsCompare> rankedFaces;

  auto now = time::steady_clock::now();
  for (const auto& nh : fibEntry.getNextHops()) {
    if (!isNextHopEligible(inFace, interest, nh, pitEntry, !isInterestNew, now)) {
      continue;
    }

    const FaceInfo* info = m_measurements.getFaceInfo(fibEntry, interest.getName(), nh.getFace().getId());
    if (info == nullptr) {
      rankedFaces.insert({&nh.getFace(), FaceInfo::RTT_NO_MEASUREMENT,
                          FaceInfo::RTT_NO_MEASUREMENT, nh.getCost()});
    }
    else {
      rankedFaces.insert({&nh.getFace(), info->getLastRtt(), info->getSrtt(), nh.getCost()});
    }
  }

  auto it = rankedFaces.begin();
  return it != rankedFaces.end() ? it->face : nullptr;
}

void
AsfStrategy::onTimeoutOrNack(const Name& interestName, FaceId faceId, bool isNack)
{
  NamespaceInfo* namespaceInfo = m_measurements.getNamespaceInfo(interestName);
  if (namespaceInfo == nullptr) {
    NFD_LOG_TRACE(interestName << " FibEntry has been removed since timeout scheduling");
    return;
  }

  FaceInfo* fiPtr = namespaceInfo->getFaceInfo(faceId);
  if (fiPtr == nullptr) {
    NFD_LOG_TRACE(interestName << " FaceInfo id=" << faceId << " has been removed since timeout scheduling");
    return;
  }

  auto& faceInfo = *fiPtr;
  size_t nTimeouts = faceInfo.getNTimeouts() + 1;
  faceInfo.setNTimeouts(nTimeouts);

  if (nTimeouts < m_nMaxTimeouts && !isNack) {
    NFD_LOG_TRACE(interestName << " face=" << faceId << " timeout-count=" << nTimeouts << " ignoring");
    // Extend lifetime for measurements associated with Face
    namespaceInfo->extendFaceInfoLifetime(faceInfo, faceId);
    faceInfo.cancelTimeout(interestName);
  }
  else {
    NFD_LOG_TRACE(interestName << " face=" << faceId << " timeout-count=" << nTimeouts);
    faceInfo.recordTimeout(interestName);
  }
}

void
AsfStrategy::sendNoRouteNack(Face& face, const shared_ptr<pit::Entry>& pitEntry)
{
  lp::NackHeader nackHeader;
  nackHeader.setReason(lp::NackReason::NO_ROUTE);
  this->sendNack(nackHeader, face, pitEntry);
  this->rejectPendingInterest(pitEntry);
}

} // namespace asf
} // namespace fw
} // namespace nfd